Emergency Response Guide No. 139 for SUBSTANCES - WATER-REACTIVE (Emitting Flammable and Toxic Gases)


Source: Emergency Response Guidebook (ERG)
POTENTIAL HAZARDS

FIRE OR EXPLOSION
  • Produce flammable and toxic gases on contact with water.
  • May ignite on contact with water or moist air.
  • Some react vigorously or explosively on contact with water.
  • May be ignited by heat, sparks or flames.
  • May re-ignite after fire is extinguished.
  • Some are transported in highly flammable liquids.
  • Containers may explode when heated.
  • Runoff may create fire or explosion hazard.
HEALTH
  • Highly toxic: contact with water produces toxic gas, may be fatal if inhaled.
  • Inhalation or contact with vapors, substance or decomposition products may cause severe injury or death.
  • May produce corrosive solutions on contact with water.
  • Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.
  • Runoff from fire control may cause pollution.
PUBLIC SAFETY

  • CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.
  • As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.
  • Keep unauthorized personnel away.
  • Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.
  • Ventilate the area before entry.
PROTECTIVE CLOTHING
  • Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
  • Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection.
  • Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.
EVACUATION
Spill
  • See Table 1 - Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances for highlighted materials. For non-highlighted materials, increase, in the downwind direction, as necessary, the isolation distance shown under "PUBLIC SAFETY".
Fire
  • If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.
  • [FLAG] In Canada, an Emergency Response Assistance Plan (ERAP) may be required for this product. Please consult the shipping document and/or the ERAP Program Section (page 391).
EMERGENCY RESPONSE

FIRE
  • DO NOT USE WATER OR FOAM. (FOAM MAY BE USED FOR CHLOROSILANES, SEE BELOW)
Small Fire
  • Dry chemical, soda ash, lime or sand.
Large Fire
  • DRY sand, dry chemical, soda ash or lime or withdraw from area and let fire burn.
  • FOR CHLOROSILANES, DO NOT USE WATER; use AFFF alcohol-resistant medium-expansion foam; DO NOT USE dry chemicals, soda ash or lime on chlorosilane fires (large or small) as they may release large quantities of hydrogen gas that may explode.
  • Move containers from fire area if you can do it without risk.
Fire involving Tanks or Car/Trailer Loads
  • Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles.
  • Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.
  • Do not get water inside containers.
  • Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.
  • ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire.
SPILL OR LEAK
  • Fully encapsulating, vapor-protective clothing should be worn for spills and leaks with no fire.
  • ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames in immediate area).
  • Do not touch or walk through spilled material.
  • Stop leak if you can do it without risk.
  • DO NOT GET WATER on spilled substance or inside containers.
  • Use water spray to reduce vapors or divert vapor cloud drift. Avoid allowing water runoff to contact spilled material.
  • FOR CHLOROSILANES, use AFFF alcohol-resistant medium-expansion foam to reduce vapors.
Small Spill
  • Cover with DRY earth, DRY sand or other non-combustible material followed with plastic sheet to minimize spreading or contact with rain.
  • Dike for later disposal; do not apply water unless directed to do so.
Powder Spill
  • Cover powder spill with plastic sheet or tarp to minimize spreading and keep powder dry.
  • DO NOT CLEAN-UP OR DISPOSE OF, EXCEPT UNDER SUPERVISION OF A SPECIALIST.
FIRST AID
  • Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved and take precautions to protect themselves.
  • Move victim to fresh air.
  • Call 911 or emergency medical service.
  • Give artificial respiration if victim is not breathing.
  • Do not use mouth-to-mouth method if victim ingested or inhaled the substance; give artificial respiration with the aid of a pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other proper respiratory medical device.
  • Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.
  • Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.
  • In case of contact with substance, wipe from skin immediately; flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.
  • Keep victim calm and warm.